“三來一補(bǔ)”是改革開放初期創(chuàng)立的一種企業(yè)貿(mào)易形式，即“來料加工”“來樣加工”“來件裝配”與“補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易”，是由外商提供設(shè)備、原材料、來樣等，由中方提供工地、廠房、勞動力，按照外商要求組織生產(chǎn)、加工裝配，全部產(chǎn)品外銷，中方收取加工費(fèi)的一種貿(mào)易方式。

“three supplies and one compensation” was a form of trade among enterprises at the beginning of reform and opening up, namely “processing with supplied materials, processing according to supplied samples, assembling with supplied parts, and compensation trade.” foreign clients provided equipment, raw materials, and samples while chinese enterprises provided land, workshops and labor and organized production, processing and assembly in accordance with the requirements of foreign clients. all products were exported and chinese enterprises charged only processing fees.

寶安縣（深圳市前身）的“三來一補(bǔ)”貿(mào)易起步于1978年。

the "three supplies and one compensation" trade of bao’an county (the predecessor of shenzhen) started in 1978.

1978年7月，國務(wù)院頒布《開展對外加工裝配業(yè)務(wù)試行辦法》，允許采取先辦廠、后承接外商加工裝配業(yè)務(wù)的“來料加工”方式，試行“三來一補(bǔ)”。根據(jù)國務(wù)院的指示，1978年10月，廣東省外貿(mào)局發(fā)布通知，同意寶安、珠海、東莞等縣、市的外貿(mào)單位，依托地緣優(yōu)勢和生產(chǎn)基礎(chǔ)，會同當(dāng)?shù)赜媱澓凸I(yè)部門，直接辦理對港澳地區(qū)的加工裝配業(yè)務(wù)。黨的十一屆三中全會召開后，中央賦予廣東“特殊政策、靈活措施”，彼時的寶安縣充分發(fā)揮毗鄰港澳、華僑眾多、交通便利的優(yōu)勢，積極發(fā)展“三來一補(bǔ)”貿(mào)易，對后來深圳經(jīng)濟(jì)的起步和跨越式發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了巨大的推動作用。

in july 1978, the state council issued the trial measures to carry out foreign processing and assembly business, allowing enterprises to set up factories first and then undertake processing and assembly businesses from foreign clients. according to the instructions of the state council, in october 1978, the guangdong provincial foreign trade bureau issued a notice, agreeing that the foreign trade departments of bao’an, zhuhai, dongguan and other counties and cities, relying on their geographical advantages and production bases, together with the local planning and industrial departments, directly handle the processing and assembly businesses of hong kong and macao. after the third plenary session of the 11th cpc central committee, the central government offered guangdong province “special policies and flexible measures,” letting bao’an county give full play to its advantages and actively develop the “three supplies and one compensation” trade, which greatly promoted the subsequent leapfrog growth of shenzhen’s economy.

深圳市對外加工裝配業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)交流會議文件之一《引進(jìn)外資 開展對外加工裝配情況總結(jié)（1979年1至9月份）》

one of the documents of the shenzhen foreign processing and assembly business experiences exchange conference — “summary of foreign processing and assembly” (january to september 1979).

1979年9月，國務(wù)院頒布《開展對外加工裝配和中小型補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易辦法》，進(jìn)一步規(guī)范來料加工貿(mào)易方式，“三來一補(bǔ)”業(yè)務(wù)在國家層面上的合法性得到進(jìn)一步確認(rèn)。此后，深圳引進(jìn)“三來一補(bǔ)”企業(yè)的步伐大大加快。

in september 1979, the state council issued a document to further standardize the processing trade, and the legitimacy of the “three supplies and one compensation” mode was further confirmed at the national level. since then, the pace of introducing enterprises engaging in the “three supplies and one compensation” trade was greatly accelerated.

檔案資料顯示，1993-1994年，“三來一補(bǔ)”貿(mào)易在深圳的發(fā)展到達(dá)頂峰階段，1994年，深圳“三來一補(bǔ)”企業(yè)數(shù)量占全省的1/3，累計實(shí)際利用外資占全省的48%，出口總額、就業(yè)人數(shù)、工繳費(fèi)結(jié)匯均占全省的40%左右。這充分說明，在特區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展初期，“三來一補(bǔ)”貿(mào)易為深圳帶來了“第一桶金”，是深圳外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要支柱，也表明深圳在全省外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)中的顯要地位。

archives show that from 1993 to 1994, the development of the “three supplies and one compensation” trade in shenzhen reached its peak. in 1994, the number of related enterprises in shenzhen accounted for one-third of that of the province, and the cumulative actual utilization of foreign capital accounted for 48% of that of the province. the total exports, number of employees and settlement of processing fees each accounted for about 40% of the province’s total. in the early stage of the economic development of the shenzhen special economic zone, the “three supplies and one compensation” mode brought shenzhen its “first pot of gold” and became an important pillar of shenzhen’s export-oriented economy.

今日互動：“三來一補(bǔ)”是改革開放初期創(chuàng)立的一種企業(yè)貿(mào)易形式，為深圳帶來了“第一桶金”。您人生中的第一桶金又是如何掙來的呢？歡迎大家踴躍留言，小i將在留言中選取幸運(yùn)兒送出小禮物。

today’s topic: how did you make the first pot of gold? feel free to leave your comments and three lucky people will receive gifts.

來源：深圳市檔案館、i深圳

source: shenzhen archives, ishenzhen

編譯：深圳政府在線、shenzhen daily、gdtoday

transedited by: shenzhen government online, shenzhen daily, gdtoday